![]() Given all these parameter settings/constraints, can you find out a set of feasible operation parameters and manufacturing time for your scaffold design? Please show how you obtain the results.Safety hazards! No ladder access, no guardrails, not fully decked, not on base plates.Īs with any construction, setup of a scaffold must start from a stable footing. Furthermore, the flow rate Q can only be set ≤10 nL/h by the injection system. The patient’s injury site would need the scaffold dimensions of R scaffold = 2 cm and H scaffold = 3 mm. The equivalent compressive stiffness E scaffold of the scaffold should be ≥0.5 GPa to maintain the structural shape after implantation. To achieve a functional scaffold, the allowable D gap should be ≥30 μm such that cells can migrate into the inner scaffold body. ![]() Please express the porosity of the scaffold as a function of D gap.Ĭonsidering that the cured scaffold material has the Young’s modulus close to cure PLA ( E PLA = 3.5 GPa), please express the equivalent compressive stiffness of the scaffold as a function of D gap.īased on the design and fabrication strategy you provided in part (d) and further considering the injection flow rate of the composite (as mentioned in part (c)) is now flexible (no longer fixed as 5 nL/h), denoted as Q, please estimate for the manufacturing time. Please design for scaffold and the corresponding path of the extruder/syringe needle for the fabrication. Taking into account that a bone cell should have a diameter ~10 μm, the scaffold should have the separating hole/gap widths D gap such that the cells can deposit and migrate inside the scaffold. The missing piece of bone had the shape as a quarter of a circular disc as shown below. What is the minimum required force applied to support the required rate of the liquid injection? Assume that the solution flow rate is 5 nL/h. The radius of the plunger ( R p), where the force for fluid motion is obtained through pressure exerted by the thumb, is 1 cm. The composite solution should flow through a syringe needle with a length of 0.1 mm ( L) and an inner radius ( R b) of 0.1 mm. The injection operation was controlled by a computer. During the rapid prototyping process, the composite should be applied onto the sample for deposition using a syringe. The composite should include mostly PEG-PLA-PEG, whose viscosity ( μ) is ~8.872 × 10 −3 kg/m What kind of the polymerization is involved in this process? Please explain. Figure 11.P3 is showing the chemical synthesis of PEG-PLA-PEG. The substrate material you could use is the composite of hydroxyapatite and PEG-PLA-PEG. The scaffold was then fabricated by a rapid prototyping machine. Can you suggest a bio-imaging method? Please describe briefly the working principle. In the next surgery, this artificial bone will be placed at the missing location of the skull for sealing the skull.īefore the manufacturing, imaging of the skull should be performed to obtain the 3D geometry of the missing part of the bone. During the primary bone healing of the patient, your role is to manufacture a scaffold for the subsequent bone cell seeding and culture in order to develop the in vitro artificial bone. A surgery was performed previously to remove a broken piece of bone. Imagine that you are responsible for manufacturing an artificial bone for replacement of a bone fragment missing in the skull of a patient who had a serious injury in a car accident. Teixeira, S., Ferraz, M.P., Monteiro, F.J.: Biocompatibility of highly macroporous ceramic scaffolds: cell adhesion and morphology studies. Woodfield, T.B.F., Blitterswijk, C.V., Wijn, J.D., Sims, T.J., Hollander, A.P., Riesle, J.: Polymer scaffolds fabricated with pore-size gradients as a model for studying the zonal organization within tissue-engineered cartilage constructs. Hollister, S.J.: Porous Scaffold Design for Tissue Engineering. O’Brien, F.: Biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Minuth, W.W., Strehl, R., Schumacher, K.: Tissue Engineering: Essentials for Daily Laboratory Work. Subia, B., Kundu, J., Kundu, S.C.: Biomaterial Scaffold Fabrication Techniques for Potential Tissue Engineering Applications. Wiley, Hoboken (2010)īártolo, P., Bidanda, B.: Bio-Materials and Prototyping Applications in Medicine. ![]() Springer, New York, NY, USA (2010)īasu, B., Katti, D.S., Kumar, A.: Advanced Biomaterials: Fundamentals, Processing, and Applications. Elsevier, Sawston, UK (2011)īurdick, J.A., Mauck, R.L.: Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review of the Past and Future Trends. Wiley, Hoboken (2005)īosworth, L., Downes, S.: Electrospinning for Tissue Regeneration. Sperling, L.H.: Introduction to Physical Polymer Science. Springer, New York (2008)īrandrup, J., Immergut, E.H., Grulke, E.A., Abe, A., Bloch, D.R.: Polymer Handbook, vol. Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, USA (2015) Blitterswijk, C.A., Boer, J.: Tissue Engineering.
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